Salt Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Reviews and Facts


Salt, also known as table salt, or rock salt, is a mineral made up of 40% sodium and 60% chloride. Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the chemical name for salt, and is essential for animal life in small quantities, but is harmful to animals and plants in excess. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of the ocean. Salt is one of the oldest food seasonings known, and is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. It is also used as a medicine. The taste of salt (saltiness) is one of the basic human tastes.


Your body needs some sodium to work properly. It helps with the function of nerves and muscles. It also helps to keep the right balance of fluids in your body. Your kidneys control how much sodium is in your body. If you have too much and your kidneys can't get rid it, sodium builds up in your blood. This can lead to high blood pressure. High blood pressure can lead to other health problems.


Chloride and sodium ions, the two major components of salt, are needed by all known living creatures in small quantities. Salt is involved in regulating the water content (fluid balance) of the body. The sodium ion itself is used for electrical signaling in the nervous system. Because of its importance to survival, salt has often been considered a valuable commodity during human history. However, as salt consumption has increased during modern times, scientists have become aware of the health risks associated with too much salt intake, including high blood pressure. Therefore health authorities have recommended limitations of dietary sodium. The United States Department of Health and Human Services recommends that individuals consume no more than 1500–2300 mg of sodium (3750–5750 mg of salt) per day depending on age.


Most people in the U.S. get more sodium in their diets than they need. A key to healthy eating is choosing foods low in salt and sodium. Doctors recommend you eat less than 2.4 grams per day. That equals about 1 teaspoon of table salt a day. Reading food labels can help you see how much sodium is in prepared foods.


Too much or too little salt in the diet can lead to muscle cramps, dizziness, or electrolyte disturbance, which can cause neurological problems, or death. Drinking too much water, with insufficient salt intake, puts a person at risk of water intoxication (hyponatremia). Salt is sometimes used as a health aid, such as in treatment of dysautonomia.


Death can occur by ingestion of large amounts of salt in a short time (about 1 g per kg of body weight). Deaths have also resulted from attempted use of salt solutions as emetics, forced salt intake, and accidental confusion of salt with sugar in child food.


Salt Uses


Most of the people may be aware of the most common use of salt that is its use in preparation of food to enhance taste. Apart from that, there are several other salt uses.


Common Uses of Salt

The following are the household and general salt uses.


Preservative: Since ancient times, salt has been used as a preservative. Although today various preservatives are available, salt is still widely used. It is an important preservative used in preservation of cheese, dairy products, meat, pickles and sauces.


Melting Ice: Salt has a property of lowering the melting point of ice. Therefore, it is spread on roads for quick melting of the ice.


Cleansing Agent: Salt has also been used as a cleansing agent since long time. In ancient times, it was used for household cleaning simply by rubbing it against surfaces. It is also an ingredient of soaps, detergents and shampoos.


Chlorine: Sodium chloride is widely used for the preparation of chlorine. Chlorine has several applications, but is mostly used in making PVC and pesticides.


Chemicals: Sodium chloride is also used for the production of sodium metal. It is widely used for the production of other compounds like calcium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate and hydrochloric acid.


Salt Medical Uses

Certain properties of salt or sodium chloride makes it useful for the following medical purposes.


Sodium Chloride Tablets: The biggest medicinal use of sodium chloride is that it is used for making sodium chloride tablets. Sometimes there is excessive loss of sodium from our body due to dehydration or excess sweating. Sodium chloride tablets are prescribed as supplements for salts in this case.


Sodium Chloride IV: It is known that sodium chloride leads to rise in the blood pressure and hence it is used to treat people with low blood pressures. Low blood levels of this salt needs to treated to avoid further serious conditions.


Sodium Chloride Injections: Sodium chloride is an element used in sodium chloride injections that are used as source of salts and electrolytes. Sodium chloride IV is more prominently used rather than sodium chloride injections.


Ophthalmic Ointment: In certain cases, a solution of sodium chloride is also used to treat the swelling of cornea in the eye. Although it is beneficial to some extent, there are also some side-effects associated with using sodium chloride for treating the swelling of cornea.


Other Salt Uses

Apart from these common and medical uses, the following are some general uses of salt.



Salt Health Benefits


Salt is essential to life and good health. Doctors well recognize salt's functions in the human body. Whether it's the saline solution used in a hospital emergency room or dietary therapy to treat or prevent health threats, medical experts recognize the important role of salt for life and good health.


Some of the most common medical issues related to salt:












Side Effects of too Much Salt


Symptoms of increased salt intake include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps. High concentrations of sodium in the body can also result from excessive water or fluid loss. Persistently high levels of sodium in the blood can result in swelling, high blood pressure, difficulty in breathing, and heart failure, and may be fatal.


A high dietary salt intake is an important causal factor in the development of hypertension (high blood pressure), which currently affects 32 per cent of men and 30 per cent of women in the UK. Hypertension increases the risk of strain on the heart, enlarges the heart muscle, prevents an adequate blood (and therefore oxygen) supply from reaching the heart, and may lead to heart failure, angina or heart attack.


Other harmful effects of excess salt includes:



Sodium Chloride Medicinal Side Effects

The following side effects may occur in people using sodium chloride (salt) as a medicine and in medicinal amounts.


All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. No COMMON side effects have been reported with Sodium Chloride. Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur when using Sodium Chloride:



Stop using sodium chloride and call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:



Less serious side effects are more likely, and you may have none at all.


This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.


Sodium Deficiency


This is rare because our dietary intake is so high, but levels of sodium in the body can become too low as a result of prolonged illness. Sodium levels can also become low due to dehydration or excessive or persistent sweating, which may occur during very hot weather or affect marathon runners, athletes in triathlons, or people with certain forms of kidney disease, such as acute kidney failure.


Symptoms of a deficiency of sodium include headache, nausea and vomiting, muscle cramps, drowsiness, fainting, fatigue and possibly coma.


Is Salt Safe During Pregnancy?


The short answer is: yes. Salt is safe to eat during pregnancy ... in moderation. In the past, doctors thought that salty foods contributed to water retention, bloating and even preeclampsia.


But now, most doctors agree that a moderate amount of sodium can actually help to ensure regulate adequate fluid levels. So go ahead and eat lightly salty foods and salt to taste at the dinner table. Cutting back on salt could actually be detrimental to you and your baby!


In short, there's no reason to stop eating salt just because you're pregnant—unless of course, your doctor tells you to cut back for health reasons. Generally, the only women who should avoid salt during pregnancy are ones who have medical conditions such as hypertension or congestive heart failure.


Testimony:

I ate a lot of fast food my first pregnancy and my son was born 10 weeks early due to severe pre-eclampsia. I felt sick the whole time and I was always week. This pregnancy I am eating a lot healthier limiting my fast food intake and I feel 100% healthier this time with much more energy to play with my son. I think limiting my salt intake is helping a lot with my blood pressure and my overall health by not eating fast food. I was told there is no known cause for pre-eclampsia but I feel what I am doing now my reduce my risk of it happening again.


How To Reduce Sodium Intake


Convenience foods, ready meals and canned foods, as well as eating out frequently, all contribute to a higher sodium intake, so read labels carefully to compare foods and opt for those lower in salt. Some labels provide both the salt and the sodium content within the product. This can be confusing, as the two are not interchangeable - 1g of salt contains 0.4g sodium (remember salt is made up of sodium AND chloride).


If you're checking labels, here's a guide based on 100g/ml of product:



More ways to reduce salt intake:



Salt Facts



Some Salt Varieties and Uses


Table Salt

Once of the most widely used salts, table salt goes through a refining process that removes traces of other naturally occurring minerals. Chemical additives such as sodium silicoaluminate, calcium phosphate, or magnesium carbonate are sometimes blended in to prevent clumping. Table salt and iodized salt are preferred in baking for their fine-grained texture and accuracy of measure.


Iodized Salt

A form of table salt, iodized salt is fortified with iodine that was lost during processing. Iodized salt was the first "functional food", fortified in the early 1920s in response to a Midwest-focused epidemic of gioter (hyperthyroidism) that was caused by iodine deficiencies.


Kosher Salt

This inexpensive coarse salt is evaporated from a brine, usually under specific conditions. It contains no additives or added iodine. Kosher salt is popular among chefs because its coarse texture makes it easy to pinch up between you fingers and sprinkle onto foods. Measure for measure, 1 teaspoon of kosher salt contains less salt than the same amount of table or iodized salt.


Sea Salt

Sea salt is another type of salt that has iodine. It is available in both fine and coarse grains. The difference between sea salt and regular table salt is that the iodine in the sea salt occurs naturally. There are hundreds of different brands of sea salt and all are made in much the same way and derived from evaporated sea water. Sea salt is harvested by channeling sea water into large bins made of pure clay. The water is allowed to evaporate leaving just the salt crystals. This type of salt tends to include several naturally present trace minerals, such as iodine, magnesium, and potassium, which give sea salt a fresher, lighter flavor than standard table salt. There are other trace minerals in sea salt as well. Sea salt has a delicate flavor and makes a good all purpose table salt. Expensive varieties, such as sel gris, Esprit du Sel, and Fleur de Sel from France are usually gray in color and slightly moist. These are best used where their tremendous flavor and presence is pronounced, such as on a boiled potato or a slice of tomato. You can also get pink, brown, and black sea salts from India.


Rock Salt

Sold in large crystals, rock salt has a grayish hue because it is unrefined. Rock salt makes a great bed for serving oysters and clams. Or combine it with ice to make ice cream in hand-cranked ice cream makers.


Italian Sea Salt

Italian sea salt is produced off the coast of Sicily. It is Interesting to note that the Italian sea salt has less sodium chloride than table salt.


The salt is gathered in the same way as regular sea salt. Its delicate flavor lends itself best to use as a finishing salt, to be added once a dish is complete. It is wonderful in salads, on sliced sun ripe tomatoes with a little olive oil, or sprinkled on to meat just before serving.


Celtic Sea Salt

This is the expensive type. It is harvested via a 2,000 year-old method of solar evaporation from the waters of the Celtic Sea marshes in Brittany, France. The salt is harvested as it has been for centuries, with wooden rakes. Traditionally no metal is supposed to come in contact with the salt to maintain the purest and most delicate flavor. Its flavor is described as mellow with a salty, yet slightly sweet taste. Even more expensive and rare is fleur de sel, from the salt marshes in Guerande, which is said to form only when the wind blows from the east.


Grey Sea Salt

Grey sea salt is a salt that is collected in the same way as Celtic sea salt and from the same area. It is a purplish gray color. This color comes from the inclusion of clay that is found in the salt flats where the salt is collected.


Grey salt is one of the best quality finishing salts available. It is wonderful on salads, sprinkled on flavored butters, or used on vegetables.


Fleur de Sel

Literally “flower of the sea” Fleur de Sel salt is made up of salt crystals that form naturally on the surface of the salt evaporation ponds. These crystals must be harvested under specific conditions. Most Fleur de Sel comes from Guerande, France. The flavor is unusual and delicate. It is a finishing salt used in salads, vegetables and grilled meats as well as to top some desserts such as caramels.


Black Salt

Black salt has a sulfuric flavor and is used primarily in Indian cooking. The flavor is reminiscent of eggs and is sometimes used by vegans to add an eggy taste to salads and tofu dishes. In traditional Indian dishes it is used in fruit salads, chutneys, and raitas.


Black salt is not a sea derived salt but is mined from the earth. It should not be used as an all purpose salt because of the flavor.


Rock salt

Less refined and grayish in color, this is the chunky crystal salt used in ice cream machines. This type is generally not used as an edible flavoring mixed into foods, but in cooking methods such as to bake potatoes or to encrust or embed meat, seafood or poultry for baking. Rock salt makes an impressive bed for oysters on the half shell. When using rock salt for cooking, be sure it is food-grade. Some rock salt sold for ice cream machines is not suitable for cooking.


Hawaiian Red Sea Salt

Hawaiian Red salt is colored with natural iron oxide which imparts a subtle flavor to this salt. It is a finishing salt that is perfect for grilled meats. The iron oxide caused the salt to be any color from red to pink, depending on the amount of the mineral in the salt.


Smoked Sea Salt

Smoked sea salt is exactly that. It is sea salt that has been smoked in various ways to add an additional layer of flavor.


Himalayan Pink Salt

Although Himalayan Pink salt is harvested from the foothills of the Himalaya Mountains it is technically a sea salt. It is a marine fossil salt formed thousand of years ago. It carries numerous trace minerals and is a delicious and beautiful finishing salt.


These are not the only types of salts available but they are some of the most popular among chefs and gourmets.


Salt Reviews


The following reviews have been selected:


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25 of 25 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Salt tablets necessary, April 7, 2009
By
E. Lewis (Purchase, NY United States)
It is very difficult to obtain NACL tablets nowadays, as most pharmacies do not stock them. In my case the tablets are necessary in maintaining high enough blood pressure. The tablets needed are pure NACL, without potassium in them. For people with orthostatic hypotension, they are very helpful.


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8 of 8 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars If you have POTS, this really works!, June 12, 2010
By
Rosellen Rhoades "Mutti" (Brownsburg, IN USA)
If you have POTS, this is a life saver. My daughter was diagnosed with POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome) back in February and none of the medication they put her on seemed to work. Through reading lots of blogs about POTS, I found that salt tablets really do seem to work so we gave it a try. My daughter takes one in the am and one in the pm. Doctor says its like taking a teaspoon of salt for each pill. Pharmacies and grocery stores do not carry these. Glad to find it on line...


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2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars ... salty, April 12, 2010
By
K. Matheny (CO, USA)
I have never been one of those people that needs a lot of salt on my food. I don't avoid salt particularly, but when I switched to a restrictive diet due to food sensitivities, I quit eating out, and started eating either home-made or organic foods, which have much less sodium in them than their traditional counterparts. As a result, I found myself eating about 50% of the daily recommended value of sodium a day . Which was ok (but not great) as long as I didn't exercise or drink too much water. Once I started to drink water regularly (about 2 cups a day as opposed to none before) I began getting water poisoning (the early stages, where I felt queasy).

Once I figured out that I needed to eat more sodium, I had to eat little salt packets whenever I exerted myself (neither dignified nor delicious). It took me 3 months to finally realize that I wasn't going to find any pills anywhere else, so I purchased these. They are exactly what they say they are, Salt (NACL) and nothing else. each pill is about 16% of your daily recommended value of sodium in the US (2300mg) so you can use these to sumplement your diet without worying about getting too much.

They are also really easy to swallow, but when I am feeling queasy (from low sodium) these upset my stomach a little more. So I either suck on them, or eat a little salt first. If you have problems keeping most pills down, you might consider some buffered pills. Personally, I wanted to have salt without any additives because I tend to be sensitive to pretty benign things.

All in all, exactlly what I was looking for.


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5.0 out of 5 stars Hard-to-get salt pills for mother, November 11, 2011
By
Jane Lebow "jennywren" (New York, NY)
My mother has had extremely low blood pressure. Her doctor prescribed sodium chloride pills, some time ago, but the only ones I could find locally had other ingredients. These pills are just what my mother needed. She needs five pills a day, so being able to order a lot of them was just the thing.


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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Difficult to find at bricks & mortar stores., April 8, 2011
By
danarama
My mother suffers from Syndrome of Insufficient Anti-Diuretic Hormone, and must take two 1 gram salt tablets a day in order to maintain a proper sodium level in her blood.

These tablets are difficult to find in stores. There is only one pharmacy in our area that carries them, and it is a bit of a drive to get there. Even then, they are not always in stock.

I appreciate being able to order [them online].


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